Pengaruh Gaya Asuhan Ibu Bapa dan Penghargaan Kendiri Terhadap Kemurungan Mahasiswa dalam Pendekatan Imam Al-Ghazali
The Influence of Parenting Styles and Self-Esteem on Depression Among University Students in the Perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jqss.vol10no1.266Keywords:
Kemurungan, Mahasiswa, Penghargaan Kendiri, Depression, University Students, Self-EsteemAbstract
Psychologists have identified several parenting styles based on variations in parental approach, level of involvement, expectations, and patterns of communication between parents and children. These styles include authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting. Authoritative parenting is characterised by the establishment of clear rules and behavioural expectations, alongside a warm, responsive, and supportive parental attitude. Parents who adopt this style are nurturing and respectful, and they encourage their children to develop independence, critical thinking, and problem solving skills. From the perspective of Imam al-Ghazali, the practice of worship plays a central role in the formation of a pure soul, marked by love, mutual respect, and inner tranquillity. When this approach is applied in parenting, it may contribute to addressing psychological issues such as high levels of depression and low self-esteem among students. This study employs a quantitative research design to address research questions concerning levels of self-esteem and depression among university students. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 40. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the negative items measuring students’ self-esteem was .674, indicating low levels of self-esteem. In contrast, the analysis of negative items measuring depression yielded a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .926, suggesting high levels of depression among the respondents. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine these issues in order to address the prevalence of high depression levels and low self-esteem among university students. Future research may extend this investigation beyond the current study location to other states, including Kedah, Penang, and Perak.
Keywords: Depression; University Students; Self-Esteem
Abstrak
Terdapat beberapa jenis gaya keibubapaan yang telah dikenal pasti oleh ahli psikologi berdasarkan pendekatan dan tahap penglibatan, jangkaan dan komunikasi ibu bapa yang berbeza dengan anak-anak. Antaranya adalah gaya autoritatif, autoritarian, permisif dan pengabaian. Gaya autoritatif (autoritative) melibatkan penetapan peraturan dan jangkaan yang jelas untuk tingkah laku, di samping bersikap mesra, responsif dan menyokong. Ibu bapa yang berwibawa adalah mengasuh dan menghormati, dan mereka menggalakkan anak-anak mereka menjadi pemikir bebas dan penyelesai masalah. Dalam pendekatan Iman Al-Ghazali pendekatan ibadah merupakan elemen penting bagi membentuk jiwa yang murni, berkasih sayang, saling hormat menghormati serta mendapat ketenangan dalam hidup. Jika pendekatan ini di amalkan oleh ibu bapa maka masalah kemurungan yang tinggi dan penghargaan kendiri yang rendah dapat di atasi dalam kalangan pelajar. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian kuantitatif bagi menjawab persoalan kajian iaitu mengenal pasti tahap penghargaan kendiri dan kemurungan mahasiswa. Hasil di analisis menggunakan Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) versi 40. Nilai pekali alpha Cronbach bagi item negatif bagi tahap penghargaan kendiri dalam kalangan mahasiswa adalah .674. Hal ini menunjukkan penghargaan kendiri yang rendah. Manakala hasil kajian bagi mengenalpasti tahap kemurungan mahasiswa mendapati nilai pekali alpha Cronbach bagi item negatif adalah .926 iaitu tahap kemurungan yang tinggi. Oleh itu, pengkaji ingin mengkaji berkaitan isu ini bagi menyelesaikan masalah kemurungan yang tinggi dan penghargaan yang rendah dalam kalangan mahasiswa. Kajian ini boleh di teruskan bukan sahaja di lokasi kajian malah boleh di teruskan juga di negeri-negeri lain seperti Kedah, Pulau Pinang dan Perak.
Kata kunci: Kemurungan, Mahasiswa, Penghargaan Kendiri
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